Site Map
Chapter 1: Introduction
- Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS)
- History of APS in the U.S.
- U.S. Legislation, Standards, and Guidance Applicable to APS
Chapter 2: Travel by Blind Pedestrians
- Blindness and Vision Loss
- Travel Tools and Techniques of People Who are Blind or Who Have Low Vision
- Changes in the Travel Environment
Chapter 3: Understanding Traffic Signals
- Introduction
- MUTCD Warrants and Signalization
- Intersection Signalization and Timing Plans
- Collaboration
Chapter 4: Features of APS
- WALK indication
- Pushbutton locator tone
- Tactile arrow
- Automatic volume adjustment
- Actuation indicator
- Extended button press
- Pushbutton information message
- Audible beaconing
- Alert tone
- Tactile map
- Braille signs
- Raised print or large print signs
- Passive pedestrian detection
- Remote activation
- Tones or audible messages during clearance interval
- Integrated information devices
Chapter 5: When to Install APS
Chapter 6: Designing APS Installations
- Principles
- Optimal APS Location
- Signal Phasing Considerations
- Intersection Geometry Considerations
- APS Design in New Construction
- APS Design at an Existing Intersection
- Needs Assessment
- Pole Location
- Specifications
- Mounting and Wiring Issues
- APS Microphones and Speakers
- Summary of Recommended Features and Installation Practice
Chapter 7: Installation & Operation
Chapter 8: Public Education
- Need for education
- Specific techniques to be used by pedestrians who are blind at intersections equipped with APS (for Orientation and Mobility specialists)
- Requesting an APS
Chapter 9: U.S. Case Sudies
- Case Study — Montgomery County, Maryland
- Case study — Portland, Oregon
- Case study — Newton, Massachusetts
- Case study — New Jersey DOT - Washington, New Jersey
- Case study — West Virginia Division of Highways - Morgantown, West Virginia
- Case study — Dunedin, Florida
- Case study — Maryland DOT
- Case Study — Charlotte, North Carolina
- Case Study — Atlanta, Georgia
- Case Study — Halifax, Nova Scotia
- Case Study — Waukesha, Wisconsin
- Case Study — Ann Arbor, Michigan
Chapter 10: International Case Studies
Appendix A: Current Guidelines
Appendix B: Product Information
- Campbell Company
- Mallory Sonalert
- Novax Industries
- Bob Panich Consultancy
- Polara Engineering
- Prisma Teknik
- U.S. Traffic Corporation
- Wilcox Sales
Appendix C: Research on APS
- Research on problems of blind pedestrians
- Effects of APS on particular street crossing tasks
- Effects of APS on independence and confidence
- Effects of WALK signal characteristics
- Accuracy and speed in identifying WALK indication for a given crossing
- Research on source of the WALK signal
- Research on other APS features
- Other concerns and needs
- Need for additional research
Appendix D: Prioritization Tool Instructions and Forms
- Purpose of the Prioritization Tool
- Understanding How Blind Pedestrians Cross at Signalized Intersections
- Overview of Prioritization Tool Worksheets
- Scoring System
- Intersection Worksheet Sketch
- Intersection Worksheet Variables
- Crosswalk Worksheet Variables
- Blank Prioritization Tool Worksheets
- Examples of Completed Prioritization Tool Worksheets
- References